Hi Alexander,
I think transparency at 50% is more or less not transparent, it is translucent, that means, you can see a spot on the surface but not on the floor behind it, a window for example is transparent, you can really light through (transparency 90% to 100%) and it doesn't cas shadows, but a projection-screen for example has a transparency of lets say 50% you can light from behind, and the spot is visible on that screen, but not on the floor in front of it, so it actually casts shadow. you are right, that in reality even a window casts a little bit of light (actually it reflects) but for the visualisation it doesn't really matter.
All the best Marco